Au XVIIe siècle, de nombreux Européens se convertirent à l'islam et rejoignirent les rang de la piraterie. Attirés par le gain ou pratiquant une forme de résistance sociale, c'était surtout un moyen de se démarquer d'une Europe livrée à une chrétienté inquisitoriale et tyrannique qui avait fait de cette religion son ennemi 'naturel'. Naquirent alors ici et là des 'républiques pirates', dont la plus connue est la République de Salé au Maroc qu'étudie ici Peter Lamborn Wilson avec autant d'érudition que de fantaisie. Ces îlots de liberté associés à la piraterie lui serviront d'ailleurs de modèle dans la formation du concept de TAZ, dont il est l'auteur sous le pseudonyme de Hakim Bey, et qui flotte sur les nouvelles générations comme le drapeau de Jolly Roger sur les mers du globe.
The horrific series of conflicts known as the Thirty Years War (1618-48) tore the heart out of Europe, killing perhaps a quarter of all Germans and laying waste to whole areas of Central Europe to such a degree that many towns and regions never recovered. All the major European powers apart from Russia were heavily involved and, while each country started out with rational war aims, the fighting rapidly spiralled out of control, with great battles giving way to marauding bands of starving soldiers spreading plague and murder. The war was both a religious and a political one and it was this tangle of motives that made it impossible to stop. Whether motivated by idealism or cynicism, everyone drawn into the conflict was destroyed by it. At its end a recognizably modern Europe had been created but at a terrible price.
Peter Wilson's book is a major work, the first new history of the war in a generation, and a fascinating, brilliantly written attempt to explain a compelling series of events. Wilson's great strength is in allowing the reader to understand the tragedy of mixed motives that allowed rulers to gamble their countries' future with such horrifying results. The principal actors in the drama (Wallenstein, Ferdinand II, Gustavus Adolphus, Richelieu) are all here, but so is the experience of the ordinary soldiers and civilians, desperately trying to stay alive under impossible circumstances.
